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Fumonisin

The Severity of Food Contamination Caused by Fumonisin

Fumonisin (FB) is a natural mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium fungi such as Fusarium moniliforme Sheld and Fusariumproliferatum. FB is a type of diester compound, which mainly pollutes food and its products. FB has acute toxicity and potential carcinogenicity to certain livestock, and has become another research hotspot after aflatoxin. So far, 11 types of fumonisins have been discovered: FA1, FA2, FB1, Fumonisin B2, FB3, FB4, FC1, FC2, FC3, FC4 and FP1, of which FB1 is the main component. Food contamination by FB1 has been found worldwide, mainly contaminating corn and corn products. Even in a dry and warm environment, Fusarium moniliforme is still one of the most frequently occurring strains in corn. FB1 is a water-soluble mycotoxin with strong thermal stability. Therefore, the control of FB pollution should be controlled from the source to control the mould pollution of crops during the growth, harvest and storage process.

The Necessity of Monitoring Fumonisin Contamination with ELISA

The Severity of Food Contamination Caused by Fumonisin Fig. 1 The chemical structures of Fumonisin B1

Pure fumonisins are white needle-like crystals. It has been reported that fumonisin is not only a cancer-promoting agent but also a carcinogen for humans and animals. Animal experiments and epidemiological data have shown that fumonisin mainly damages the liver and kidney function, can cause equine leukocytosis and pig lung edema. And FB is related to the high incidence of esophageal cancer in parts of China and South Africa. The harm of FB has attracted worldwide attention, but the specific circumstances of the harm caused by fumonisin to the human body are still unclear. The International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization listed Fumonisin B1, Fusarium moniliforme and its toxins (Fumonisin B1, Fumonisin B2 and Fusarium C) as Category 2B carcinogens. FB's pollution of corn and other grains caused feed pollution, which had a greater impact on the breeding industry. Since ELISA is a low-cost, rapid and sensitive immunoenzyme-linked detection technology, it is widely used to detect the concentration of FB in food products.

ELISA Types

Indirect competitive ELISA

The Advantages of ELISA Testing

Can quickly detect fumonisin
Can quickly and quantitatively detect fumonisin
Can provide a simple detection method for the detection of feed ingredients

ELISA Procedure for Fumonisin Testing

The microtiter plates were coated with 100 μL/mL FB1-KLH conjugate diluted to 0.5 mg/mL, and incubated overnight at 4°C.

After washing three times with PBS, the plate was coated with 200 μL/well of PBSM (PBS containing 5% non-fat milk) and incubated for 2 h at 37°C.

After washing five times with PBST, 100 μL of the serially diluted anti-serum were added to each well and incubated for 1 h at 37°C.

After washing as the previous step, 100 μL/well of HPR conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG was added, incubated for 1 h at 37°C.

TMB substrate solution was added then terminated by adding 50 μL of 2M H2SO4, and the absorbance was read at 450 nm by a microplate reader.

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References

Yang, H.; et al. Antibody-biotin-streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) sensor for rapid and ultra-sensitive detection of fumonisins. Food Chem. 2020, 316: 126356.
Ling, S.; et al. Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibody against fumonisin B (1) and development of detection by Ic-ELISA. Toxicon. 2014, 80: 64-72.

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