Metabolism
Application of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in Metabolism Research
Metabolism is the general term for a series of orderly chemical reactions that maintain the life of organisms and is the process of the continuous exchange of substances and energy by organisms. Catabolism and anabolism are two categories of metabolism. Catabolism (also known as alienation), purpose is to provide the required energy and reactants for anabolism. Anabolism (also known as assimilation), that is, the use of energy released by catabolism to synthesize complex molecules. The metabolism process usually involves macromolecular organic compounds proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids. Scientific research on metabolism has spanned several centuries, from the early studies on the overall metabolism of animals to the exploration of individual metabolic reaction mechanisms in modern biochemistry. Metabolic disorders are closely related to diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and tumors. More and more studies have confirmed that metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is one of the most significant features in tumorigenesis and development. At the same time, the study of molecular mechanisms of tumor metabolism and targeted tumor metabolic pathways has become a hot spot in the field of tumor research. We can use ELISA to detect the substances in the metabolic process to help scientific researchers carry out related metabolic research.
Common Targets in Metabolism Research
Albumin
Alpha-Amylase
Apolipoprotein
Adiponectin Receptor 1
Cytochrome
Cholecystokinin
Carboxypeptidase B1
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase 1
Ferritin 1
Fatty Acid Synthase
Glucosidase Beta
Lactalbumin Alpha
Advantages of ELISA in Metabolism Research
- Can be used as a means to promote metabolism research
- Can make early judgments on metabolic-related diseases
- Can sensitively and specifically detect metabolic intermediates
Common Targets Detected by ELISA in Metabolism Research
Insulin
Insulin is the only hormone in the body that lowers blood sugar secreted by the pancreatic islet β cells in the pancreas stimulated by endogenous or exogenous substances. Insulin is composed of two amino acid peptide chains, the A chain has 21 amino acids, the B chain has 30 amino acids, and the A-B chain is connected by two disulfide bonds. Insulin almost directly or indirectly affects the function of every tissue in the body. Insulin participates in sugar metabolism, fat metabolism, and protein metabolism, and promotes the synthesis of glycogen, fat, and protein.
Leptin
Leptin is a protein hormone encoded by the ob gene and secreted by adipose tissue. It consists of 167 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 16000 kDa. The content of leptin is directly proportional to the size of adipose tissue. It acts on the leptin receptor of the central nervous system as a lipid-suppressing signal, regulating biological behavior and metabolism. Leptin can regulate energy balance, fat storage, and certain endocrine functions in the body, promote the development of the animal reproductive system, and maintain reproductive activities such as sexual maturity.
Superoxide Dismutase
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant metal enzyme that exists in organisms. According to the different metal prosthetic groups in SOD, it can be roughly divided into Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and Fe-SOD. As an important component of the antioxidant enzyme system in organisms, SOD can catalyze the disproportionation of free radicals to generate oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Since SOD can specifically remove harmful free radicals in the body, SOD has significant effects in the treatment of inflammation, autoimmunity, and cerebrovascular diseases caused by the action of free radicals.
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References
- Judge, A.; Dodd, M.S. Metabolism. Essays Biochem. 2020, 64(4): 607-647.
- Niswender, K.D. Basal insulin: physiology, pharmacology, and clinical implications. Postgrad Med. 2011, 123(4): 17-26.
- Triantafyllou, G.A.; et al. Leptin and Hormones: Energy Homeostasis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2016, 45(3): 633-645.
- Miao, L.; St Clair, D.K. Regulation of superoxide dismutase genes: implications in disease. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009, 47(4): 344-356.
